The general layout of the collection was in the second half of the XVI century, when the museum acquired an important group of sculptures following the decision of Pope Pius V. Vatican changed to get rid of the "pagan"images: remarkable art collections increased by adding an aesthetic dimension , its most common historical.
The construction of the Palazzo Nuovo on the other side of the square it was possible from 1654 Clock, in a more satisfactory house the large collection of works that had gathered in the palace curator, taking advantage of the new building.
The Capitoline Museum, but was only opened to the public during the following century, after the takeover by Pope Clement XII, a collection of statues and portraits of Cardinal Albani. Pope Clement opened the museum in 1734.
A few decades later, in the middle of the eighteenth century, founded Pope Benedict XIV (responsible for the addition of fragments of the Forma Urbis on the age of Severus, the largest marble street plan of ancient Rome) was the Capitoline Picture Gallery, which saw the merger of two important collections, the Sacchetti and Pio.
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